Online практика з “Грунтознавства”
Традиційно після другого курсу студенти спеціальності 201 «Агрономія» проходять навчальну практику із дисципліни «Ґрунтознавство з основами геології». Тривалість практики – 6 днів.
Базою практики, зазвичай, були: ВП НУБІП „Агрономічна дослідна станція” чи ВП НУБІП „Великоснітинське НДГ ім. О.В. Музиченка", але в цьому році практика проходила дистанційно і кожен студент мав змогу дослідити ґрунти свого господарства згідно місця проживання. Навчальну практику для студентів 3 і 4 групи проводила доцент кафедри ґрунтознавства та охорони ґрунтів ім. проф. М.К. Шикули Карабач Катерина Сергіївна.
Характерною особливістю такої практики є можливість дослідження ґрунтів безпосередньо у польових умовах. Майбутнім агрономам для забезпечення продуктивного використання природних ресурсів, отримання сталих високих врожаїв сільськогосподарських культур з високою якістю продукції важливими є знання про ґрунти та їх агрономічні властивості.
Метою навчальної практики є закріплення теоретичних знань, отриманих під час лекцій і лабораторних робіт і пізнання ґрунтового покриву як середовища росту сільськогосподарських культур, вивчення закономірностей основних процесів ґрунтоутворення і особливостей дослідження ґрунту.
Дистанційно практика проводилася за допомогою програми для відеоконференцій Zoom, при спілкуванні також використовували Viber, e-mail та мобільний зв’язок.
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Допомогла зорієнтуватися студентам у правильному виборі ґрунту для опису інтерактивна карта ґрунтів України (https://superagronom.com/karty/karta-gruntiv-ukrainy#close).
Студенти надавали детальні відомості про своє господарство, додаючи власні фотографії рельєфу місцевості, рослинності та місця закладки розрізу.
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Озима пшениця - Сорт Антонівка Кукурудза – Сорт Піонер
Макростадія 7 Макростадія 1
BBCH 73 – Рання молочна стиглість BBCH 19 – Фаза інтенсивного росту
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Під час практики студенти мали змогу самостійно викопати ґрунтовий розріз, дати характеристику умовам ґрунтоутворення та детально описати профіль ґрунту за морфологічними ознаками. Додавалася повна агро- та фізико-хімічна характеристика грунту. Також, студенти опановували методику відбору зразків ґрунту за генетичними горизонтами для подальшого проведення лабораторних аналізів.
Так, студентка 3 групи Шліхта Іванна досліджувала ґрунти ФГ «Таїсія» розташованого на території Білоцерківського району с. Трушки, Київської області.
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Таблиця 1. Аналіз горизонтів профілю ґрунту
|
Профіль ґрунту |
Генетичний горизонт |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Глибин, см |
|
Ширина моноліту, см |
мазки |
символ |
межі та глибина, см |
глибина зразка для аналізу, см |
|||||||||||||||||||
|
0 |
20 |
40 |
60 |
80 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
0 |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Норн |
0-35 |
17 |
||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Нп/орн |
35-50 |
40 |
||||||||||||
|
60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
НРк |
50-120 |
85 |
||||||||||||
|
80 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
120 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Phк |
120-200 |
160 |
|||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
140 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
160 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Рк |
200 см і нижче |
220 |
||||||||||||
|
180 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
200 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Студенти в польових умовах самостійно вчилися визначати гранулометричного складу грунту “Мокрим польовим методом”.
У висновках студенти пропонували заходи, щодо підвищення родючості грунту.
За підсумками, обидві групи успішно справилися із завданнями навчальної практики і надали змістовні цікаві звіти, ілюстровані фото з власними дослідженнями і спостереженнями. Сподіваюсь, практика була їм цікавою і в подальшому допоможе в професійному житті.
Доцент, Карабач К.С.
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